Nordstrom Case Study Essay

Answer 1: In the 1990s, Nordstrom had six co-presidents who were six cousins belonging to the family’s fourth generation. All six cousins took decisions jointly on major issues concerning the business. Thus, it was necessary that all six co-presidents agree on a decision or a plan for it to be acted upon. This was quite a difficult task as all of them often had differing opinions. Due to this many decisions were delayed or met with resistance by one or the other member. These six co-presidents were compared to a multi-headed hydra. Dismantling the hydra would prevent conflicts on future decisions and would also enable decisions to be taken quickly. It will also vest the ownership for the decisions onto one person. It will also enable a family member to be groomed for possibly leading the company one day. The possible disadvantages of dismantling the hydra is that the six co-presidents could have all contributed their knowledge and experience and have arrived at a better more informed decision. If equal power is vested in six people at the top, it enables them to share the workload.’ Answer 2: Creating departments around products will create independent profit and loss units for each product. The members of each department will have expertise on their products. They will know how to procure those products and effective sales and marketing techniques to sell those products better. This will narrow down their focus and they will concentrate only on the product that they are selling and will gain expertise on how to sell it best. The possible disadvantages of creating departments around products are that the employees will not have a complete picture of the entire business and where they stand. If in future, they are moved to another department, they will have to gain information about that product from scratch. Answer 3: The following changes prompted the move from mechanistic to organic organization. In the 1990s, the company met with stiff competition from its competitors. Its sales began to plateau. Its net income fell 2% and sales edged up only 1.9%. In the stores that had been open for a year, its sales dipped 1.1% after a 2.6% drop the prior year. Nordstrom’s shares fell from a 1999 high of 44 3/16 to under 20 in February. The customers and outsiders complained that top executives spent more time in seeking consensus of all co-presidents on issues and this was a reason for Nordstrom being slow in presenting new fashions for sales. Answer 4: In designing an organization to manage change, an additional structural change that Mr. Whitacre should consider is to start a competition among the departments. In this quarterly competition, the department that has the best sales and profits should be the winner and its members should be given some incentives. They should be asked to share the best practices with the other departments in order to help them manage change better. Employees should be rotated regularly from one department to another.

History Isu: Juno Beach Essay

Some of the greatest battles in Canadian history took place during the course of World War II. Most would argue it to have been Stalingrad, The Battle of the Atlantic, or even the Battle of Scheldt. The Battle at Juno Beach was a defining moment in Canadian history that led to the rise of a great nation. On June 6, 1944, after having prepared for more than four years, Canadian troops in Britain took place in an invasion that would become the greatest turning point in Canadian history. â€Å"†¦ early in the morning of June 6th, 1944 under cover of a massive air and naval bombardment, ships started ferrying 150 000 American, British, and Canadian troops across the channel of Normandy.† After courageous fighting and tremendous struggles, the Canadian, American, and British troops managed to get the farthest inland to secure a position against allied invaders. â€Å"†¦the German defences at Juno Beach had been shattered and Canada had established the beachhead.† Because Canadian troops were able to secure the beach, â€Å"Operation Overlord† led to great victories amongst the Allied Troops. Juno was the largest amphibious battle to have taken place in history. â€Å"155,000 soldiers, 5,000 ships and landing craft, 50,000 vehicles and 11,000 planes were massed for the greatest seaborne invasion in history.† Canadian troops, being the only commonwealth nation, were assigned 1 out of the 5 beaches at Normandy to secure. First, Canada was to create a beachhead on Juno beach. The American, Canadian and British troops task was to capture and seize all sea towns ashore of the beach and get further inland after breaking through enemy lines. Also, their objective was to secure the Carpiquet airport and create a link that would be able to attach the British beachheads on the other two beaches, Sword and Gold beach, and also to secure the Caen-Bayeux highway. â€Å"The challenge facing the Canadians was to overcome the coastal defences and capture ground positions that could be defended against German counter attacks.† The task the Canadians were given was one that would take a lot of courage and self-determination to push through. â€Å"†¦ Germans had turned the coastline into a continuous fortress of guns, pillboxes, wire, mines and beach obstacles.† Although the Germans had displayed strong thresholds, the allied troops managed to keep pushing their way through German defences. With the lead of Major General R.F.L Keller, the 3rd Canadian Infantry along with many men, tanks, and vehicles helped to secure and take over Juno Beach. â€Å"The 3rd Canadian Infantry Division supported by the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade would land on Juno beach in brigade groups. Two brigades would land in the initial assault followed later by the reserve brigade which would pass through the lead brigades on to the divisional objectives . More than 20,000 men, 200 tanks and hundreds of other vehicles were under the command of Major-General Keller.† The allied troops were successful in securing the position on Juno beach. â€Å"†¦in the face of heavy shelling and deadly machine gun fire, the Canadians fought their way past the German defences.† The troops were able to penetrate farther inland then all other allied forces could. Securing Juno beach was a huge success and as a result, has helped Canada to become a greater nation. Since Juno Beach, the troops that were involved with the invasion are greatly recognized and forever appreciated. Securing Juno Beach may have been one of the best things to have happened. After having done so, many great victories came along. They extended their beachhead further inland, and continued to move northwestward. They were able to liberate several French channel ports, which included Dieppe, which was a great success, because a number of Canadians had lost their lives at such place two years back. Also, because of such a great achievement at Juno Beach, the liberation of Europe took place, along with the defeat of Nazi-Germany, which lead up to the end of World War 2. The defeat of Nazi-Germany became a very proud accomplishment for many. â€Å"Allied to serve the common cause of freedom and democracy, Canada, Great Britain, the United States, the countries of the British Commonwealth and free nations suffering under Nazi occupation counter-attacked.† Due to Canada being able to accomplish many victories, they proved that coming together as a nation could lead to great victories and successes. Also, it helped make and build the independence of Canada. It showed that Canada is a powerful country, and doesn’t need to hold hands with Britain per se, but still work together. â€Å"So many different roads to Victory, conquered through determination and courage and at the price of many human lives.† Although â€Å"Operation Overlord† took the lives of many brave soldiers, it was one step closer to the complete defeat of Nazi-Germany. With great success comes a price, and although the capture of Juno Beach was accomplished, many soldiers were wounded, killed, or captured. â€Å"Fourteen thousand Canadians landed in Normandy on D-Day and to ensure the victory 340 Canadians had given their lives. Another 574 had been wounded and 47 taken prisoner. The casualties were less than expected, but heavy nonetheless.† Despite the many loses Canada suffered, soldiers were still encouraged to move forward and keep on fighting. The Canadian troops relied heavily on goods and services that were being shipped to them. The government greatly supported the troops, providing them with the many necessities needed to be successful. â€Å"Canadian troops relied on a tight organization and on a wide range of services that provided food, shelter, medical care, intelligence, communications and more. They also relied on ships, aircrafts, tanks and weapons needed to face the enemy.† Funding for the invasion was very costly, but in conclusion, led to great victory for the allied troops. Canada at the Battle of Normandy had a great impact on war. It changed the way many thought of the word â€Å"impossible.† After what was done, and how much was conquered, anything is possible. Being able to get further inland than any other before and securing a position that later on led to the liberation of Europe and the defeat of Nazi-Germany isn’t just a small accomplishment, it’s something that has changed the way war is seen and the way troops continue to fight. Without the necessary goods and services being sent over to the allied troops, not much would have been possible. Many brave troops stood against German defences and took their lives so the rest of their brothers could continue on and make Canada proud. â€Å"Many would die there but, for the Canadian forces, D-Day was a triumph that is still honoured at home and on the beach they called Juno.† It is with great success that Canada as a nation, is able to say proudly that they fought strongly to secure Juno beach on June 6, 1944, and because such a great event took place, the rise of a nation began. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Jill Coyler, Jack Cecillon, Graham Draper and Margaret Hoogeveen, Creating Canada A History- 1914 to present ( McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2010) , 239 [ 2 ]. CBC News, D-Day: The allied invasion of Normandy, 1944, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/02/f-dday-history.html, June 5, 2009 [ 3 ]. CBC News, D-Day: The allied invasion of Normandy, 1944, http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2009/06/02/f-dday-history.html, June 5, 2009 [ 4 ]. Lane, D.W. â€Å"Juno Beach – The Canadians On D-Day†1944, http://members.shaw.ca/junobeach/juno-2.htm, Operation Overlord – Plans and Preparation [ 5 ]. Lane, D.W. â€Å"Juno Beach – The Canadians On D-Day†1944, http://members.shaw.ca/junobeach/juno-2.htm, Operation Overlord – Plans and Preparation [ 6 ]. Lane, D.W. â€Å"Juno Beach – The Canadians On D-Day†1944, http://members.shaw.ca/junobeach/juno-2.htm, Operation Overlord – Plans and Preparation [ 7 ]. Jill Coyler, Jack Cecillon, Graham Draper and Margaret Hoogeveen, Creating Canada A History- 1914 to present ( McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 2010) , 239 [ 8 ]. Juno Beach Centre, â€Å"Canada in WWII†, http://www.junobeach.org/e/2/can-eve-rod-e.htm, Roads to Victory [ 9 ]. Juno Beach Centre, â€Å"Canada in WWII†, http://www.junobeach.org/e/2/can-eve-rod-e.htm, Roads to Victory [ 10 ]. Lane, D.W. â€Å"Juno Beach – The Canadians On D-Day†1944, http://members.shaw.ca/junobeach/juno-2.htm, Operation Overlord – Conclusion [ 11 ]. Juno Beach Centre, â€Å"Canada in WWII† http://www.junobeach.o rg/e/4/can-tac-e.htm Arms & Weapons [ 12 ]. CBC News, D-day: Canadians Target Juno Beach 1944, http://archives.cbc.ca/war_conflict/second_world_war/topics/1317/ 2003

Development of Tourism Industry in the UK Essay

Development of Tourism Industry in the UK - Essay Example This essay provides a concise overview of the tourism and travel industry performance in the UK during last decade. The economic state of tourism sector of the UK is deemed healthy with perspective of a steady growth. The income from the industry is incomparable. The joblessness rate has greatly declined with many people absorbed in the industry Since the Second World War, there have been a lot of developments in this industry. Application of the computerized reservation systems led to increase of tourists, visiting the UK Prior to the technology, a lot of travelers mainly depended on pen and paper to transact business deals. However, in early 1990s, attitudes changed. Technological advancements captured the attention of the world market. Few people could access facilities and enjoy them to their satisfaction. The data released by the government via the Global Distribution Systems have showed significant growth in the industry. In 1989, the country had recorded 5 million tourists per annum as compared to 29.6 million in 2010. The development of the jet engine was invented after the Second World War. The advancement brought dramatic changes; although in 1958, the number of travelers per flight was restricted. In early 1970s, jets started ferrying more passengers thus making flight charges low and increasing the profits. This enhanced the growth of the industry significantly during this period. For the last twenty years, the tour operators have developed new packages to accommodate the needs of the new travelers . When compared to early 1950s, tourism has evolved significantly (Holland, 2011). The industry has fully adopted modernization and its structures to enhance its growth. Natural calamities Most countries depend on tourism to earn foreign exchange into the country. However, natural calamities like prolonged drought, tsunamis, earthquakes, floods and hurricanes may gradually change the face of tourism industry. Tourism acts as a source of employment to many people. Some are employed as rangers, tour guides and others in the hospitality sectors. If the number of tourists decline due to natural disasters, people will be affected, and in turn the country becomes broke. Therefore, if tourists don’t come, a lot of pressure will be put on the economy (Smith & ?Ann, 2007). Normally, tourists want to avoid risk places and enjoy themselves in peaceful sites. In general, natural disasters have the following effects: i. Reduced number of tourists visiting the country ii. Low business set u ps due to lack of enough money generated in tourism. This will result in closure of business and loss of jobs iii. Increase in rate of unemployment especially in disaster affected areas iv. Increase in government expenditure due to insufficient money generated through taxations. From the above effects, it is clear that natural calamities affect the country’s economic development. Although it is not possible to eliminate them fully, their severity can be reduced. If nothing is done, the growth of the industry may stagnate if not decline in future. This means a lot in the economic trend. Fall in sales volumes Most of the tourist firms in the UK have of late experienced low sales volumes. For instance, Tui Travel, which is one of the companies that provides tourism services, recorded a 35% decline in its sales for the first quarter of the previous financial year (Smith, 2010). This was mainly due to cut in number of tourists traversing the country. Most of the people are more in terdependent so they book online which saves them money. Furthermore, most of the people have no plan of spending their holidays far from their homes. This reduces the volume of sales of tourist industries. Fall in sales volumes reflects low income in the affected industry, hence affecting its employees. This also means that the government will not get enough revenue from the same industry. High Cost of vacations Tourists traverse all over the world enjoying their beautiful sceneries and wildlife. In their tour, they spend their time in hotels and other special vacations. Accommodations

Managing Change in Organisation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Managing Change in Organisation - Case Study Example On this ground no organizational changes can be made because this will inflict the taxation procedures for the countries. In order to secure the smooth work operation other changes were made in the company. It was decided by the senior management that sub divisions should be introduces in order to the customers to receive the upmost of the service. The company has structured into different teams who manage the different processes. There is a "Customer Conversion Team" for each of the taxation countries. This team handles the incoming calls from not registered customers and tries to convert them to use our services. The team also prepares all the necessary documentation in order for a tax claim to be officially sent to the tax authorities in the given country. The "Quotation Team" gives a quote to the customer, after receiving his documents so as to what tax refund he is entitled to get back. Then if the customer is satisfied the tax file is applied to the country's Tax Office. After the tax application is submitted, the file is passed to the "Filing Section". This team handles the correspondence betwee n the client and the Tax Authorities obtaining information about the progress of the tax application and updating the client. After the refund has been issued the file is passed to the "Payment Team". ... Before the introduction of this organizational change each tax country was internally managing the whole process from converting the customer to refunding the taxes to his account. The main objectives that triggered this change were: Lower rate of converted customers; Unsatisfactory customer service care, due to overload of files to one and the same representative; Inability to administer newly registered customers, because of old cases; Desire to seek highly conversion rates; Managing successful business means most of all identifying the defects in the organization and attempting to control and over them the issues. Establishing a long-lasting business strategy is also of primary importance and the goal of Taxback.com was to accumulate more customers, who will be serviced in an excellent manner. Carr (1995) remarks that to understand the organizational change both the employees and the management need to carefully guide the process of the change and to define this change within the context of the overall good of the company. This means that leaders and senior management have to substantiate their decision of a change with initial discussions and smooth transition to the new operational structures. Organizational change should not be implemented for the sake of any change. Primarily, the efforts have to be directed into improving the "performance" in the customer service care industry and increasing the resources in alluring more customers into using the service (Conner, 1993). In analyzing the organizational change that took place in Taxback.com I found several advantages: The customer service representatives were focused on one task only - to convert the customer, to provide a proper quotation, to contact the tax authorities and to obtain the payment

PAS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

PAS - Case Study Example After 6 months, I was asked to run the whole station store and gas pumps. The gas was closed a year after it was closed due to its line expiry. It was due to this reason that Pas Automotive repair decided to acquire a building that was the year 2000, hence the business became steady from then. Pas Automotive is luckily located on one of the busiest  streets in Sydney 500 Prince Street. With a large lot of 20 plus cars and access to the roadways, situated in 3 different directions. In business, Pas automotive repair company is among the automotive repair shop that deals with all repairs on both cars trucks boats as well as lawn mowers. In addition, the company deals with rebuilding various vehicle engines as well as changing engine oil. As the business is at a tender age, the company has a total of seven employees. Our services include; service calls, self service work where customers will be picked from a prevailed position and the problem they are encountering on their vehicle asc ertained just on time and at affordable price. Our prices depend on the  labor  guide, being serviced and provided by all of our service stations. We also give a discount price to students and  seniors. More so we have affordable and special hourly rate of 60.00 dollars an hour and this makes us cheap on the market as compared from our competitors. Research on the Pas Automotive Repair as a sole  proprietor  business is very useful. Firstly, it will aid in making a forecast to affiliate the current situation, therefore supporting the potential increase in service provision. Additionally, while delivering the service, the industry looks forward in growth and developing around the globe. There are several factors that limit their use, which may be reflected later. Moreover, the statistical analysis of the pas automotive repair company and distribution channels, which is very essential in making sound decisions, will be evaluated. Secondly, the study of online and traditional agency services (in terms of understanding consumer needs) is relevant not only for the owners of Pas Automotive Repair Company, but also for the insurance companies, transportation and others. Through the data, a clear analysis of the various factors affecting the industry is evaluated. This leads to increased efficiency and consequently increased returns. Additionally, research of the subject carries a statistical and social nature, which makes it necessary to understand the consumer behavior, as well as their knowledge of the possible opportunities. Increasing Sales and Profits One of the main objectives of advertising is to augment sales and profits. Most companies nowadays employ advertising to impart people regarding their products and services. Some forms of advertising lend themselves more to producing immediate profits. This can be with adverts availed through Billboards. The company will process and markets their services under a brand name of Pas Automotive Repair Compan y. Encourage Trial and Usage Pas Automotive Repair Company will frequently use advertising to hearten trial and convention of new services they unveil to their customer. The company will lope their advertising to bring in their services to the public as well as their customers. The company will initiate public enticements to first-time service consumers and will work based on brand equity among techniques Forms of advertisement In any company as per the requirements of marketing strategies,

Artical Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Artical Analysis - Assignment Example of financial statement, as well as changes that affects the financial statement and several other significant matters like uncertainties, estimates and management judgments. The PCAOB believes in the fact that communicating these matters with the investors will help in reducing the uncertainties and doubts, as the management of the company has more important information than any of the third party. The new audit report suggested by PCAOB maintained the authenticity of the old report by retaining its basic elements. However it focused on providing its users with much more information about the audit as well as the auditor. The PCAOB was confident that if the proposed changes are accepted by the organizations, then it will certainly increase the disclosure of the information of the auditor that would be beyond the traditional pass/fail auditing approach. It is presented in the article that if the proposed changes are accepted then they will certainly affect the responsibilities of the auditors, as well as the expectations of the clients, creditors and investors. I certainly agree with the opinion of the writer as the changes proposed by the PCAOB will make the report more relevant to the investor as they will have more significant information present in the report. The investors and other users of the financial report will not have to take the help of a third part to extract important information about the company, as the relevant information will already be mentioned by the company in the report. Another advantage of the amendments made in the traditional report is that it will present to the investor the value and strengths of the audit leading towards better public awareness. The article states that the changes will certainly help the organization to get close to their investors and other users of the financial statement, which I believe is true. This is because the major goal of the standards and the amendments proposed by PCAOB is to improve the existing

Compare two movies by the characters , transporter 3 and death race Essay

Compare two movies by the characters , transporter 3 and death race - Essay Example (Tasker, pg 4) Characters form an integral part of a movie, but in action movies we find, that priority is given to ‘action over dialogue, characterization or emotion.† These movies are more of â€Å"visually exciting, conceptually shallow entertainment machines.† (Tasker, pg 104) Characters, especially the hero, in such films are known for their physique than their psychology and â€Å"broad sentimentality replaces emotional complexity or depth.’ (Tasker, pg 112) In the two action movies, Death Race 2000 and Transporter, both revolving around cars and car chases, the hero features in almost all the scenes, but he provides no peek into his psyche nor the reasons which drive into the course of action he is in. In Transporter, the hero is â€Å"a compromised man doing good† while in Death Race he is â€Å"a U.S. working man, doomed to wage the proletarian fight.† (White, 2008) The hero is forced to take recourse to certain objectionable means in order to achieve his ends, which often deal with physical violence and races, where victory is achieved through death-defying stunts. Another very important attribute of the hero in an action movie is that he has a heart of gold and would go to any lengths to protect the poor and defenseless. ( White, 2008) is forced to don the mantle of Frankenstein, the victor of death races, broadcast to a depraved public, hungering all the time for action. Jensen has been arrested wrongfully, and is made to take part in the race, staged over three days, where the final goal is to remain the last person alive, in this modern-day gladiatorial spectacle. The prison becomes the arena and the warden is the circus master, who drives the whole contest. Jensen shows that he has a moral streak in him and is ready to do anything which would restore to him his honor and name. He is in prison because he is unemployed, and this futuristic

Separation of Powers Within the United Kingdom Constitution Essay

Separation of Powers Within the United Kingdom Constitution - Essay Example The English government has three branches which include: the executive, the legislature and the judiciary. The U.K is a constitutional monarchy. The monarch is the executive head of state while the Prime Minister is the head of government. Additionally, the Executive includes cabinet ministers, civil service, the police and the armed forces. The Executive formulates and implements government laws. The legislature, formally the â€Å"Queen in Parliament† is responsible for making laws. The judiciary is supposed to be free from parliament and the executive and is responsible for resolving conflicts between institutions of the state, individuals and the state and individuals, immune from criticism. Separation of powers, strengthened by the rule of law and parliamentary sovereignty is highly emphasized in the English Constitution. There would be no liberty if the same man or the same body exercised those three powers. The powers of the three arms of government generally overlap. The British Constitution does not strictly separate the powers. This is mainly due to the complexity and the interrelated nature of the functions of the state. A solid example of overlap between the three branches is the position of Lord Chancellor who is a member of the Cabinet, the head of the judiciary and also chairs the House of Lords when they sit as a legislature. The Constitutional Reform is currently reforming this role to highlight SOP. However, some argue that such a position acts as a bridge between the executive and the judiciary. ... However, some argue that such a position acts as a bridge between the executive and the judiciary. The executive and legislature have great connections in exercise of their powers. According to Bagehot (1867) that relationship is the â€Å"efficient secret of the English Constitution.† Overlaps are evident as seen when ministers sit in parliament and perform legislative functions; and the executive tends to control MPs to vote in a certain way. The government is usually made up of the party with the majority of seats in the House of Commons, which means that the executive has great control on legislative decisions. The Prime Minister, cabinet and bureaucracy determine the legislative agenda and the cabinet. Also, many judicial officers such as the Attorney General and the Lord Chancellor are appointed by the government. The executive generally dominates especially in cases where the government has a firm majority in the House of Commons to the extent that it is assured of winn ing major votes in the House. In Britain, a government of national majority coalition draws its political leadership in dominant control of authoritative decision making; and national public policy. The legislature may interfere in executive roles when government loses a vote of confidence and through Acts of parliament which may affect executive decisions. There is an overlap between the Judiciary and the Executive in that the Lord Chancellor who is the head of Judiciary also sits in the cabinet. In this case a member of the Judiciary finds himself in the cabinet. Again the Lord Chancellor chairs the House of Lords when they sit as legislature. In this instance a person who heads the Judiciary also chairs the proceedings of the legislature. There is

The Modern Nuclear Family Essay Example for Free

The Modern Nuclear Family Essay The nuclear, isolated, or restricted family is not a recent phenomenon, but has existed in many cultures throughout human history. Indeed, the extended family of several generations is found mostly in relatively advanced, stable, and affluent, but not yet industrialized societies. Very primitive and very sophisticated societies seem to prefer the nuclear family model. However, nuclear families can vary in the degree of their isolation and restrictedness. For example, before the Industrial Revolution the Western nuclear family was often embedded in a larger social unit, such as a farm or estate, an aristocratic court, or a village populated by relatives. Many older city neighborhoods also kept kinship ties strong, and thus even very small families remained open to the community. Family visits might be frequent and extended; children might freely circulate and feel at home in several households. On the other hand, we have seen that, beginning in the late 17th century, a trend toward closeness reduced the size of many larger households and changed the relationships between the remaining family members. They became more concerned about each other. They needed each other more. The idyllic home of the bourgeois became an island of serenity in the gathering storm of modernization, a haven secure from the world out there, from aggressiveness, competition, and class warfare. We have also seen how this home sheltered women and protected the children from sexual and other temptations. Other nasty social realities were also kept safely at bay. The family income was no longer earned inside, but rather outside the house. The division of labor between the sexes became more pronounced as men spent more and more time away from their families as wage earners in factories, shops, and offices. Their wives became almost the only companions of their small children whose care and education was now their main responsibility. (Formerly, these tasks had been divided between mothers, grandmothers, nurses, and servants.) Virtually the only middle-class men who still worked at home were doctors and lawyers in private practice. As a rule, however, the bourgeois family saw its head and breadwinner only when he returned from his work at night. This work itself remained an abstraction to both his wife and his children. The removal of productive work from the home into the factories had, of course, important consequences for all family members. It was no longer necessary for any of them to develop strong roots in any particular community or to become attached to a particular house. Instead, they became free to move about, to follow industrial development into new settlements, to go after the jobs wherever they might be. Moreover, family connections became less important, as factory work became ever more rationalized and efficient. Nepotism gave way to hiring and promotion on merit alone. By the same token, the new worker, business man, or bureaucrat no longer had to take care of distant relatives. He now worked exclusively for his own small family and this made him more industrious. He could advance faster, since his income had to support only very few people. Thus, the individual husband and father was no longer weighed down by traditions or extensive social obligations. In addition, the education of his children and the care of his aged or sick parents began to be taken over by the state. In view of these developments, many observers have noted a fit between the nuclear family and industrialism. In other words, small, intimate, and mobile families seem best suited to advance the cause of industrialization and, conversely, industrialization seems to encourage the formation of small families. After all, in modern industrial societies there is a general trend toward equality and personal independence. This, in turn, allows for the free choice of a marriage partner, place of residence, and occupation. In an extended family these freedoms are always restricted, because a wrong choice would affect too many relatives. Thus, people who want to take full advantage of the new possibilities normally marry late and keep their families small. However, this rule also has its exceptions. Sometimes large families are more useful, because they can serve as a back-up unit by providing shelter and aid at crucial moments. This may be especially important for lower-class individuals who try to move up, although the higher classes often also maintain extensive family ties. Thus, even in fully industrialized societies one can find many men and women who appreciate the traditional extended family or at least a large network of relatives. Still, by and large, the closely-knit nuclear family has been dominant in Western societies for the last several generations, and thus it has shaped the general perception of what a family should be: A man and a woman marry for love, have two or three children, live alone by themselves in a family home or apartment, and spend all their free time together. The man leaves for work in the morning, while the woman takes care of the children and the house. She also cooks dinner and ministers to her exhausted husband when he returns at night. Once or twice a year, at Thanksgiving or Christmas, there is a brief, ceremonial get-together with other relatives at Grandmas house, but otherwise everyone keeps his distance and minds his own business. Obviously, according to this ideal model, the family members are relatively isolated from the larger kindred and, indeed, from the rest of the community. However, they are to be compensated for this isolation by a greater emotional warmth inside the nuclear circle. Father, mother, and children are to be the world for each other. A deep mutual love is supposed to keep them together and boost their morale as they compete economically with other small family units. Unfortunately, as many families have discovered, things do not always work out that way. The lack of wider contacts is often perceived as crippling, too much closeness becomes oppressive, and inescapable familiarity breeds contempt. Therefore, almost from the beginning, the modern nuclear family has also been subject to criticism. In Victorian times, when the cult of the home was at its height, this criticism was expressed mainly by great bourgeois writers, such as Flaubert, Ibsen and Strindberg, who denounced the hypocrisy, shallowness, and dullness of middle-class life, and who exposed the suffering and vicious psychological infighting behind the facade of respectability. The family was further criticised on philosophical and political grounds by Friedrich Engels who tied it to the origin and maintenance of private property. Finally, Sigmund Freud provided perhaps the most serious, if indirect, accusation when he described the happy nuclear household as the breeding ground of neurosis and sexual perversion. At any rate, by the late 19th century the disadvantages of the bourgeois family model had also become evident to many average men and women. The emotional hothouse atmosphere of the home began to seem stifling, and what once had been praised as a sanctuary was more and more often condemned as a prison. In the traditional extended family, children had been able to choose between several male and female adult role models; now they had only their parents. Formerly, their early education had been shaped by a number of different people and a variety of influences; now they depended entirely on their own mother and father. Actually, the latter was not even always available. Since he no longer worked inside the house, his children had no clear conception of his social role. Instead, he became simply an abstract provider and disciplinarian, a mysterious and distant authority figure. He was occasionally loved, frequently feared, but rarely understood. At the same time, the wife and mother found herself more restricted than ever before. Her greatly increased maternal duties kept her confined inside her four walls. She could venture outside only for a visit to church or to go shopping. Her world had shrunk, and her functions were narrowly circumscribed. She had to be feminine, motherly, sensitive, proper, and in all matters of importance she had to defer to her husband. It is understandable, therefore, that many Victorian women began to resent the nuclear family and their position in it. Thus, it was a signal of things to come when, in Ibsens A Dolls House, the heroine Nora simply walked out on her husband and children. As time went by, more and more women demanded complete legal equality with men and the freedom to develop their full potential as human beings. They began to struggle for the right to vote and the reform of marriage and divorce laws. They also entered the work force in ever increasing numbers. Finally, during World War I, they proved their capabilities in many formerly inaccessible jobs and thereby further emancipated themselves from the home. {See also The Emancipation of Women.) Recent decades have seen a continuation of this trend. In many families today both husband and wife work outside the house, while the children spend much of their time in a nursery, daycare center, kindergarten, or school. As a result, the emotional ties between family members have become somewhat less constrictive, and a greater tolerance prevails. The influence of peer groups has grown, not only for the children, but also for their mothers. The traditional male and female roles are being reevaluated. The mass media keep everyone in touch with the larger community and its continued transformation. Still, the family circle as such has not widened. Grandparents are rarely part of the household, but live on their own in retirement villages, senior citizen centers, or nursing homes. Unmarried relatives move to a singles hotel or apartment building. Thus, the average American family remains fairly small. Indeed, there are now many fatherless families consisting only of a woman and her children. The one-parent family or core family is usually described as an incomplete nuclear family, and there is a general assumption that it is socially undesirable. The lack of a father figure is seen as detrimental to child development, and hasty generalizations are made about undue female influence. In the U.S. these comments sometimes even have racist overtones, as mother-child families are frequently found in the poor black population. However, with the rising divorce rate, this family type has also become increasingly common in the white middle class. Indeed, at the present time about 1 out of 6 children in America lives with only one parent, and the number of such households may well increase in the future. After all, our welfare regulations and other government policies often have the effect of breaking up families that would otherwise stay together. Our legisiatures have not yet learned how to test new laws through family impact studies which would reveal such unintended consequences in advance. Still, in the meantime it should be remembered that the one-parent family is not necessarily bad. In the years following the two World Wars, millions of women have successfully brought up their children alone, and this impressive example should caution us against superficial judgments. Moreover, upon closer examination, many core families are discovered to maintain close connections to wider kinship groups and thus turn out to be more open and viable than might have been supposed. Finally, we know that there are also many father-child families which have not received sufficient critical attention. It is another question whether the nuclear family itself, even when complete, is still the best available option. Many people today are convinced that small, single households are uneconomical and wasteful, that they are still emotionally unhealthy, that they perpetuate outmoded sterotypical sex roles, and that they produce competitive, egotistical children in an age when universal cooperation seems the only hope of mankind. It is also argued that the modern family no longer has any other function than to provide love and intimacy, and that this is by no means enough to justify its existence. Indeed, since families have been largely relieved of their economic, educational, and protective functions by the state, sexual attachment has become the nearly exclusive basis of marriage, and this basis is notoriously weak. Frequent divorce and remarriage, however, while perhaps practical for the adults, hardly seem in the best interest of the children. Under the circumstances, it is only fitting that a number of thoughtful men and women should continue to search for more stable, new and improved family models.

The internal ans external environmental forces Essay Example for Free

The internal ans external environmental forces Essay SWOTT Analysis: Candy BusinessThis paper examines the internal and external environmental forces and trends to consider when opening a candy business. This paper will look at the legal and regulatory forces of a sole proprietorship and social external trends to consider. The internal forces and trends that will be analysis are strategy, structures, goals, culture, and leadership. Legal and regulatoryThis business is going to have a sole proprietorship which means that the candy shop will be owned by one individual. This will leave the owner responsible for all the legal and financial liabilities of the business. Sole Proprietorships are probably the simplest and cheapest forms of business organization. They do not require registration with local, state or federal governments (other than taxes and special regulatory agencies). They are businesses which have one owner and they do not have stock. The sole proprietor owns all assets and is responsible for all debts. If the business cannot pay its bills, creditors can sue the owner to collect. The company does not conduct legal or contractual transactions, rather the owner does. Advantages of the sole proprietorship include:†¢Ease of formation no legal registrations†¢Low overhead income reported as ordinary income to the owners. Taxes tend to be straight-forward†¢Easy control and direction established by the owner no boards or advisors. †¢Suitable business form for many types of products, services and enterprises (Sole Proprietorship, 2008). Being a sole proprietor means that the owner will need watch their competition to make sure that they do not lose customers to the competitions that also sale sugar-free candy. Sole proprietor also means the owner assumes all liability risk. SocialThe candy business will work to promote a healthier environment by advertising their sugar free candies more then regular candy. But they are in the business to sale candy; this will also give their customers an opportunity to make a healthier choice when it comes to candy. The candy business will sale their candy online, to ensure the safety of their web  site orders, credit card numbers are never stored. The information is never sent to a database to retain the information. The only information that is kept is customer names, addresses, and emails so that they can follow up with customers if something goes wrong with their purchase (Van Otis Chocolates, 2005). StrategyThe proposed candy business has a very unique business strategy because of the specialized product that the business sells. The candies sold are considered to be top of the line product that is only available in certain stores, which keeps the stature of the candy high. The candy business has centered sales around the sales of their sugar free candies for those people who love candy, but need to watch their sugar intake for different health reasons. StructuresThe candy business will operate both as a brick and mortar business in a mall and an ecommerce business. This way the business will reach more customers and the candy business will try to keep consistency between their ecommerce site and their brick and mortar store. That way if customers see something on the web site but do not want to purchase on the site they can come to the store and make their purchase. The candy business will offer all the same products to help satisfy the consumers needs. GoalsOne of the number one goals of the candy business is the availability of all products offered in the store to be available on the website. This is important because their candy is the favorite to people all over the country who wish to have the entire store available to them. Another goal of the candy business is to sale Weight Watchers candy in the store. This will bring those customers that are trying to loss weight but need something sweet sometime. This will also help with the growth of the business. Even though there are other candy stores out there who also sale sugar free candy, this will help pull customers to this store and that Weight Watchers candy is available in this store that other candy store to not sale. CultureCandy in general is deemed childrens food, just as toys in general are labeled for childs play. Most likely, a person would expect an event  intended for children to be a more appropriate venue to serve candy than an event intended for adults. But surprisingly, adults lead the way in candy consumption. In fact, according to the National Confectioners Association, adults over age 18 consume 65% of all candy (Hudak, 2008). Americans did not always have a sweet tooth. When candy was first made and sold in the United States, most people considered it a frivolous luxury for women of means (Knowlton, 1999). Most dentist will tell their patients not to eat a great deal of candy, but if a person rinse, brush and floss faithfully they can keep from getting cavities just like with any other type of food. LeadershipA sole proprietor has complete control and decision-making power over the business. All responsibilities and business decisions fall on the shoulders of the sole proprietor and investors will not usually invest in sole proprietorships. A sole proprietorship can hire any number of employees. A strong leadership is needed to grow the business. Without good leadership and a management system the business could close. Management needs a measurement and improvement system that makes the orchestration of day-to-day activities possible so there is true business-needs alignment-a system that not only monitors operations, but also provides the entire workforce with information that can be used up and down the line to make sure everyones performance supports corporate strategies for any business to succeed (Breyfogle, 2007). When opening a business there are many things that need to be considered. Doing a SWOTT analysis can help a business to know where they need to focus their needs to grow their business. Having a strong management system and good leadership skill can help a business grow and be successful. References Breyfogle. F.W. (2007). Quality Management. Retrieved July 21, 2008, fromhttp://www.qualitymag.com/CDA/Articles/Feature_Article/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000105938Hudak, D. (2008). Pop Rocks: A Discussion of Childrens Culture and Candy Consumption. Retrieved July 20, 2008, from http://www.candyfavorites.com/shop/pop-rocks-history.phpKnowlton, B. (1999). American Topics: How Candy Became Dandy. Retrieved July 18, 2008,from http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/07/22/topics.2.t_5.phpVan Otis Chocolates. (2005). Social and Legal Issues. Retrieved July 20, 2008, fromhttp://it.snhu.edu/classof2006/mcgannheather/vanotis/Social_Legal.htmSole Proprietorship, (2008). Retrieved July 19, 2008, fromhttp://www.companiesinc.com/incorporate/businesstypes/soleprop.asp

Purpose of Phenomenological Research

Purpose of Phenomenological Research Understanding the meaning of peoples lived experiences is the focus of phenomenology (McConnell-Henry, Chapman, Francis, 2009). Phenomenology is the philosophy or method of inquiry whereby all truths are understood through self awareness (Dictionary.com Unabridged, 2006). Ascribed from the words phenomenon and logos, an implied meaning of phenomenology is the logical interpretation of a phenomenon. Phenomena refer to any observed occurrences that are understood in our minds. Whereas logos is the human ability to think and express thoughts clearly into words (Vivilaki Johnson, 2008). In the mind, phenomena are interpreted logically through the use of logos (Vivilaki Johnson, 2008) to enhance meaning and understanding of lifes experiences (Bryne, 2001). Method Philosophical Base Phenomenology can be viewed as atheoretical in that it may not use a pre-selected theoretical framework (Mapp, 2008; Munhall, 2007). The epistemological and ontological theoretical basics of phenomenology have been established for decades by various philosophers with different methods (Mapp, 2008). Therefore, a thorough understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of phenomenology is essential when establishing the methods for a phenomenological research study. When qualitative researchers explain their methods using the phenomenologist they ascribe to, this foundation allows the unique ability of examining the world from a distinct phenomenological perspective. Thus, the philosophy and theory of the method itself guide the study when phenomenology is the theoretical framework (Munhall Chenail, 2008). From a phenomenological viewpoint, the subjective experience of each person is examined for meaning and understanding, and not quantified into statistical data. While the scientific method has centered on the discovery of knowledge with little regard for the meaning of life experiences (Bryne, 2001), phenomenological studies are rising to provide insight into life experiences, particularly those surrounding health (Vivilaki Johnson, 2008). The three schools of thought related to phenomenology include Husserlian, Heideggerian, and Dutch/Urecht. Edmond Husseri, a mathematician, philosopher, and Father of phenomenology, believed the researcher should contain their beliefs and experiences through a process called transcendental consciousness or bracketing to objectively understand and describe the essence of a participants lived experience (Hunter, 2004; Mapp, 2008). The descriptive approach used in Husserlian phenomenology to explain phenomena is further delineated by van Manen (1990) into two forms, immediate and intermediate. The first form refers to the immediate lived experience and the second form is symbolic and refers to a mediated description such as text or art works, revealing greater analysis (van Manen, 1990). In contrast to Husseri, Martin Heidegger, a pupil of Husseri, meshed hermeneutics with phenomenology possibly due to his early theological background. He believed the researcher used previous beliefs and experiences to interpret the participants experience. Heidegger contended that being-in- the-world made it virtually impossible to bracket beliefs because the researchers prior knowledge, or fore-structure, would facilitate understanding the meaning of lived experiences(Mapp, 2008; McConnell-Henry, et al., 2009). There are two features in the interpretative approach used in Husserlian phenomenology. One part points to what the lived experience reveals and the other part points out the meaning of something already interpreted such as art work or text (van Manen, 1990). Both philosophical views, descriptive and interpretative were used with the Dutch/Urecht school of thought (Mapp, 2008; McConnell-Henry, et al., 2009). The philosopher, van Manen, believed the terms descriptive and interpretative could be used interchangeably. He seemingly concurred with the argument that all description is ultimately interpretation (van Manen, 1990). Each of the three philological underpinnings for phenomenology may overlap their theoretical base and generate confusion. This is no surprise given that the meaning of the lived human experiences is diverse with an endless range of inquiries(Hunter, 2004). Key Assumptions Phenomenology is supported by a number of key assumptions (Munhall, 2007; Orb, 2000). Each person involved in the research study will be referred to as participants. Participants are willing to speak openly and truthfully about their experiences. The phenomenological question is a meaning question that is clear and easily understood by the participant. The therapeutic imperative of nursing (advocacy) takes precedence over the research imperative (advancing knowledge) if conflict develops. The ethical system of deontological (people are not to be treated as means) reflects qualitative nursing. The researcher will continually inform the participant, renegotiate, and ask permission as unexpected changes occur during the study to reflect process consenting. The researcher will make no attempts to engage in problem solving. It is possible for the researcher to discover and understand the participants perception and derive meaning of their lived experience. The researcher acknowledges any beliefs, biases, assumptions, or presuppositions that may that may hinder the veracity of the study. The researcher is an active medium for the voice of their participants without altering their life experiences. The sample is adequate and appropriate reflecting saturation and replication. The researcher will not generalize study results. Appropriate Situations for Use Phenomenology is widely used in various areas of research that deal with human experiences such as nursing, psychology, sociology and education (McConnell-Henry, et al., 2009). Several phenomenological nursing research studies were examined. In one study, Clarke (2009) used a reflective diary to provide transparency, self-development, and clarification of her thoughts and feelings as a novice researcher. Another study conducted by Koch (1994) examined the rigor involved in a study of elderly patients who were victims of negligence. A study on spiritual care for the ill patients without religious affiliation identified several implications for policy change to affect current nursing practice and the educational preparation of nurses (Creel, 2007). Research on experienced emergency nurses stressed the importance of knowledge and experience as key to intuition (Lyneham, Parkinson, Denholm, 2008). The final study cited the experience of advance beginner nurses employed in psychiatric facilities with limited educational preparation and the need for change in the ed ucational arena (Waite, 2006). Each of the studies examined were useful in communicating how participants view the world as they experience the studied phenomenon (Munhall, 2007). The results of the studies are most useful when the researcher allows the data to speak to the reader (van Manen, 1990). Most important, the phenomenology studies create hope. In addition, these studies can be used to liberate us from long held beliefs that cut-off the voice of a persons lived experience (Munhall, 2007). Sample Research Questions The questions in phenomenology research are meaning questions and unlike problem questions, they are not designed to be solved. Instead, the questions allow significance and understanding of phenomena. Phenomenological questions are never closed out with a correct answer. These questions remain open to provide new meaning and insight to those who hope to benefit from the response (van Manen, 1990). Phenomenological questions are questions of wonder that resonate in the heart of the researcher whereby the researcher lives the question and becomes the question by questioning over and over again until the question reveals the essence of its nature. In contrast, empirical research allows statistical data to answer the question for masses of people with no regard for the unique lives of participants. The question in phenomenological research focuses on the phenomenon studied and what the experience is really like for the participant. The knowledge derived from the simple question, what is it like? not only helps participants think and talk about their experiences, but it pulls the reader into the phenomenological description and instills wonder about the phenomena revealed and aids understanding of human experiences (van Manen, 1990). Formulating the research question has some similarities to empirical methods in that the research question is formulated according to the chosen philosopher and the aim of the study. For example, if Heidegger is the philosopher, then the question will focus on being in the world. As an example, the question would reflect the experience the being is in and ask: What does it mean to be a human being and have this experience (Munhall, 2007)? According to Munhall (2007), it is imperative that meaning be the primary focus of the study. Sample questions that focus, reflect meaning, and understanding of the phenomenon are as addressed (McConnell-Henry, et al., 2009; Munhall, 2007; van Manen, 1990). What is/are meaning(s) in this experience or phenomenon? What is being described here? What is it like to be a person having this experience? What is it like for those surrounding the person? How is the phenomenon reflected and manifested in human relationships? What is the evolving meaning(s) that surrounds the phenomenon over time and how does this manifest itself in human experience? What is the nature of the lived experience? What does it mean to be a . . . ? What does this . . . mean to you and what do you mean to this . . . ? What does this really mean? Data Analysis Most Common Methods Unlike empirical research, there is no method of procedures that are quickly understood and mastered when conducting phenomenological research (Munhall, 2007). Phenomenology with its emphasis on understanding the lived experience does not lend itself to specific steps in an effort to protect the veracity of the phenomenon (Groenewald, 2004). Description of methods are not designed to be linear procedural steps, but rather a way to understand the approach to phenomenological research (Munhall, 2007; vanManen, 1990). According to van Manen (1990), methods cannot be fixed, but as questions arise during the research, methods may be either discovered or invented. Munhall (2007) purposed a two-fold purpose for developing a phenomenological method of inquiry. Her first intent was to aide students and colleagues in various efforts such as novice researcher understanding, preparation for dissertation proposals, institutional review board approval, and grant applications. Secondly, she wanted qualitative research established with the same credibility and respect as the scientific method (Munhall, 2007). Munhall (2007) derived her analysis method from the work of van Manen. The main philosophical difference between Munhall and van Manen is that Munhall views phenomenological research as a problem solving agent that can effect change in policy and practice. In addition, she believes phenomenological research results can augment the capacity for caring and compassion, and enhance awareness of unknown and erroneous information (Munhall, 2007). An overview of the methods for phenomenological inquiry and data analysis described by Munhall (2007) is compared to the different phenomenological approaches. Table 1 depicts the similarities of three common methods, descriptive/interpretative (van Manen, 1990), descriptive (Waite, 2006), and interpretative hermeneutics (Crist Tanner, 2003). How Results Are Usually Presented Results are written in a narrative format and condensed into a summary of major interpretations. The narrative should reflect the most meaningful aspect of the research study that could shed light on the problem studied and potentiate social change. Participants are generally asked to read the summary to verify the meaning of their lived experiences. Understanding the lived experiences of the people in the world in which they live can have powerful implications for issues such as non-adherent behaviors (Munhall, 2007). Munhall (2007) purports that non-adherent behavior results from not understanding the patient and the meaning of a behavior to the patient. Findings from phenomenology studies should be disseminated to give voice to the lived experiences of the participants (Munhall, 2007). The thrust of phenomenology is to give birth to the ideas of others (Vivilaki Johnson, 2008). Phenomenological research studies are rooted in caring about the experiences of participants and the desire to make a difference. The question upon the completion of the study is So what? These studies command interventions for change that are viable and designed to make a difference (Munhall, 2007).

Laudans Theory of Scientific Aims Essay -- Laudan Science Utopia Argu

Laudan's Theory of Scientific Aims I criticize Laudan's constraints on cognitive aims as presented in Science and Values. These constraints are axiological consistency and non-utopianism. I argue that (i) Laudan's prescription for non utopian aims is too restrictive because it excludes ideals and characterizes as irrational or non-rational numerous human contingencies. (ii) We aim to ideals because there is no cogent way to specify in advance what degree of deviation from an ideal is acceptable. Thus, one cannot dispense with ideals. (iii) Laudan does not distinguish difficult from impossible goals, making his injunction against utopianism imprecise. It is "semantically utopian" and, furthermore, a prescription for conservatism and mediocrity. (iv) Goals often contradict each other or are at least partially incompatible. Since Laudan does not say how to prioritize incompatible aims, axiological consistency is an utopian desideratum. Thus, his constraints on cognitive aims contradict one another. Finally, (v), Laudan's axiological constraints are too weak and in order to strengthen them, he must invoke without justification some implicit pre-philosophical cognitive aims. This opens the logical possibility of axiological relativism, which Laudan attempted from the beginning to avoid. Laudan's Theory of Aims In Science and Values, Laudan has developed the view that our scientific aims can sometimes be rationally selected by imposing two constraints (1) on them: 1. they should be jointly consistent, 2. a pragmatic constraint of empirical realizability, or non-utopianism. This last requisite follows from Laudan`s means-ends conception of rationality, To adopt a goal with the feature that we can conceive of no actions... ...victory, one obtained by just means, i.e., the means employed should not constitute a greater evil than the evil the war was intended to remedy. (13) Since some axiological inconsistencies can be only pragmatic, it is not always clear whether some collection of ideals is mutually inconsistent. (14) Cf., N. Rescher, The Strife of Systems, chapters 7 & 8. (15) When this happens, our passionate nature will decide what our intellect cannot adequately settle. (16) Laudancs meta-aim of axiological consistency is a goal suspect of being 'demonstrably utopian', because it is not likely that we will ever have a theory of rational value priorizations. So it is not reasonable by Laudan's meta-methodology own standards. If so, Laudan's theory would be suspect of being self-referentially inconsistent. (17) Cf., Laudan, 1996, Beyond Positivism and Relativism, p. 16

Cuba and Tourism Essay example -- Latin America

Cuba and Tourism Ernest Hemingway was no tourist, but his attraction to Cuba was much like that of the rest of America. The beautiful beaches and tropical climate helped him write novels, but he also loved the daiquiris at the Floridita, the fishing, and the adventurous bootleggers from Florida. Cuba has its beautiful beaches and fish-filled waters, but part of the attraction as well has historically been the plentiful rum and the "anything goes" atmosphere. The casinos and nightclubs frequented by tourists bring with them an unsavory element in the form of organized crime and prostitution. Tourism has its benefits, but in Cuba it is a clear reminder of the island's dependence on wealthy foreign nations for its survival, and the disparity in income between Cubans and their neighbors to the north. The dollar-based society a tourist economy creates is deeply stratified, and conflicts with the ideals of the Castro's socialist revolution. Yet in recent years it has proven to be a good source of hard curr ency for the struggling economy, and efforts are being made to expand the industry. By promoting tourism, Cuba is taking advantage of its beauty, but is opening itself to unfortunate exploitation. The Playground for North Americans In his essay Tourism Development in Cuba, historian Derek R. Hall describes Cuba in the early 1900's as "a playground for North Americans." Just ninety miles from the coast of Florida, Cuba's close proximity and near-perfect weather made it the premier attraction in the Caribbean for American tourists. Americans had always traveled to Cuba, even when it was still a Spanish colonial possession. Businesses in the United States had invested extensively in Cuba, and the two were big trading partners. Cu... ...om Tourism & The Less Developed Countries, Harrison, David, editor. Belhaven Press, London, 1992. Page 110. 14. Eckstein, Page 39. (handout) 15. Ibid, Page 67-68. 16. Hall, Derek R., Tourism Development in Cuba, from Tourism & The Less Developed Countries, Harrison, David, editor. Belhaven Press, London, 1992. Page 113. 17. Grossman, Cathy Lynn. Sea change for tourism in Cuba: Visitors find island in flux, USA Today, January 19, 1996, page 5D. 18. Benesch, Susan. Angling for tourists, Cuba hosts "Playboy", St. Petersburg Times, January 31, 1991, Page 19A. 19. Boudreaux, Richard., Cuba Hopes Its Doctors Can Cure the Economy, Los Angeles Times, February 19, 1991, Page 4, Column 1. 20. Lapper, Richard., It’s back on the road to prosperity: Tourism. Financial Times (London), March 24, 1999, Page 3. 21. Ibid, Page 3.

Boston Beer HBS Case

Disadvantages of an PIP The company will face underwriting costs associated with the PIP. A failed PIP could be costly both in financial assets and in firm reputation. Complying with regulatory reporting standards will create additional costs that are not present in a private company. Incorporating the company may have negative tax implications for the current owners. Current shareholders who do not exit during the PIP will face severe dilution. Management control will decrease because of fiduciary duties to shareholders. This could conflict with the company's product quality processes and result in a shift toward a short-term earnings focus.Conclusion Although their contract brewing model reduces expected capital expenditures, their labor and marketing intensive sales strategy will require substantial spending to expand into new markets. To meet projected growth, external funds will be needed. Raising these funds entirely from debt would create an unacceptable level of debt for a st ill growing company; thus equity funding is the preferred option. The company has reached a maturity point where equity can more easily and cheaply raised in public capital markets rather than through venture or private equity firms.Additionally, publicity room the PIP will help with brand recognition in new markets. Given the recent success of competitor Ipso and Boston Beer's profit margin and growth potential, the risk of a failed PIP is minimal, and most current shareholders intend to sell shares in the PIP reducing dilution concerns. Boston Beer should proceed with the PIP. Question 3-5 (Exhibit 3)– – 1995 Pro Formal Net Sales: All pro formal sales rely upon the assumption that net sales as of September 30, 1 995 represent 75% of expected year-end revenue.Because the firm's PIP will most likely have a more positive impact on Q sales than his estimate projects, if anything, the prices generated by our models are underestimated, not overestimated. Cost of Debt: BBC explains in its prospectus intent to extinguish outstanding debt carrying interest rates upwards of 1 1 . 5%. Based upon the firm's low target leverage of 5%, low degree of operating leverage, and favorable credit history and financial outlook, the model assumes a cost of debt in line with AAA corporate debt at 7. 2%. This estimate seems reasonable and sensitivity analysis shows a 1% decrease in the forecasted share price requires at least a 2. % increase in the cost of debt. Risk Free Rate: The six-month and 30-year treasury rates given imply a fairly flat yield curve. Due to the relatively short forecast period and the short-term risk characteristics of this industry, the model uses the six- month rate as the risk free rate in calculating the cost of equity. 995 Net Working Capital Requirement: In order to calculate the change in NC over 1 996, the model assumes sass's year-end NC is composed of the existing September 30, 1 995 balance plus Of fourth quarter net sales due to the f irm's rationalization strategy. CAP: Historical analysis shows an average 3. 3% capital intensity ratio. Based on a likely decrease in efficiency due to rapid expansion, the model forecasts a 3% capital intensity ratio–this includes restricted investments (Exhibit 1).Depreciation: Depreciation was not included in the calculation of free cash flows because net CAP was used. 1995 Value of Debt: Boston Beer's debt is private, so the market value will be very similar to, if not exactly the same as, its book value. – –Question The underwriting prospectus for the PIP suggests a share price of $12. 50 per hare, which is the starting point for analyzing the different scenarios. In order to determine the scenario that was most realistic, we attempted to rule out the ones that were not and a summary of our analysis is found in Exhibit 4. 1) First we analyzed the information asymmetry in the PIP. The offering presents information about almost 1. 5 million shares offered in the PIP from current stockholders. It is unlikely that management are willing to offer shares at $12. 50 if the fair market value really is $29 per share, thus weakening the belief in the second scenario. 2) Analysts' expectations and comparable metrics. Analysts are generally very positive in regards to the Craft Brewing Segment, expecting continued growth in 1995.A conservative market share estimate of 5% of the total domestic beer market by 2000 compared to only 1. 4% in 1994. In addition, both Pet?s Brewing Company and Redbook Ale Brewery have recently completed successful Pip's resulting in growing share prices. These factors both build up expectations for Bib's upcoming PIP and are likely to be incorporated in Bib's PIP price. This might mean that BBC will be trading at a slight expectation premium above what the fair value of the company is, thus strengthening the reliability of the first scenario with a stock price of $12. 3. In addition, by comparing PIE ratios of Pet's Br ewing Company, 1 00, and Redbook Ale Brewery, 36, with BBC for the three different scenarios weakens the third scenario because of an implied PIE ratio of 17. 9, which is below both of the two comparable companies. The first scenario giving an implied P/E ratio of 41. 9 and the second scenario showing an implied PIE ratio of 99. 9 are tooth around the two competitors' PIE ratios, strengthening the plausibility of these scenarios when looking at the P/E ratio isolated. 3) We also used industry growth trends to compare the expected sales of BBC in 2000, considering a constant market share, to the 2000 sales forecasted in each scenario. The results allowed us to rule out the third scenario because the sales forecasted in 2000 are less than half of what we would expect with conservative assumptions of the craft industry growth. The other two scenarios were fairly close to the expected revenues in 2000. 4) The second scenario was ruled out when analyzing the growth trends of BBC in recen t years.BBC has already undergone rapid growth and we expect that high growth phase to taper Off sooner rather than later. Ten more years Of high growth is unreasonable and unrealistic. Lastly, the second scenario can be ruled out again when looking at revenues projected for 2006. If the craft brewing industry grew to ten percent of the total domestic beer market by 2006, which is an aggressive assumption, then BBC would have to double its current percentage of market share in the craft industry. We also find that assumption fairly unreasonable due to the competitive nature of the craft industry now and into the future.

Beauty Therapy Essay

Salon Reception Duties – Produce A Guide Recording Appointments And Messages Accurately It’s important to record appointments accurately so that the therapists know what clients they have at what time. If you fail to record an appointment accurately then you could cause a real problem when a client comes into the salon to find out there not on the therapists schedules which could of been avoided by doing the job properly. You could also lose clients by not paying enough attention and giving them the wrong times and days as they won’t think your salon is reliable. You also need to make sure all the therapists get a lunch break between clients and also time to set their equipment up, you don’t want to book clients to close to each other, otherwise the client may feel as if the therapist is rushing them and won’t be satisfied with their overall experience. It’s important to record messages accurately when working in a salon so that the therapist s no if anyone would like them to ring them back or if they have a query. Also, you may not be certain on what a client wants so say you’ll take a message, when doing so you need to make sure you take their full name and contact number and whatever the message is their giving. You should also get them to repeat their name and number to make sure the information you have is correct otherwise when you or a therapist is calling back you may not be able to get through to them, again losing a client. If the message is urgent and they need to be contacted ASAP you need to make sure it’s clear that is it and put it in a separate place to the non urgent messages. Dealing With Client Enquiries Promptly And Politely Whether it’s an internal or external enquiry you should always try to answer it with little or no delay and you need to be polite, it might not just be a client who’s calling or that has come into the salon, it could be someone who is just buying your products and you should see to them in a punctual manner. By doing this they ’ll want to come back, if you show no interest in what there enquiring you’ll lose custom and reputation. It could even be someone who supplies your products ringing for your salon to stock up, if you’re ever unsure of what someone is enquiring and how to answer you would need to refer the enquiry to another member of staff or the manager. Other internal people who may enquire you include of current clients or a member of staff, other external people include of new clients, suppliers of products you don’t have or even people wanting to market your salon. Dealing With Confidential Client Information Under The Data Protection Act If you handle personal information about individuals, for example, a consultation form, you have a number of legal obligations to protect that information under the data protection act. It gives rights for any client to have a copy of their personal data and to block, erase or destroy anything that is incorrect about them. It’s important to keep all confidential information in a locked file away for their personal comfort and to prevent unauth orised access, alteration or accidental loss. You should never talk about any ones personal information people outside the salon or in front of other clients in the salon.

Bertrand Russell: The Value Of Philosophy

Consider a man that looks to material needs as the necessities of life. He moves through his world in a twenty-four hour cycle of the mundane, never reaching for a less ignorant existence. Bertrand Russell believes that these â€Å"practical men†, as society deems them, are wrongly named. A meaningful life to this â€Å"practical man†, certainly does not include the understanding of a need for knowledge. Russell states, â€Å"It is exclusively among the goods of the mind that the value of philosophy is to be found; and only those who are not indifferent to these goods can be persuaded that the study of philosophy is not a waste of time† (page 9). The value of philosophy can be found when anyone chooses to step over the line between things and ideas. I am claiming, in this instance, that philosophy is valuable for being a source of knowledge and understanding, among other things. Those that attempt to gain these are in turn going to benefit from their efforts. A man does not necessarily need the ability to comprehend the entire universe, but just to be open to thought. In the past, men that worked towards this task of thinking, such as Newton, were able to take philosophy and evolve it into a separate science. This reasons that philosophy’s value is largely in the possibility of a greater enlightenment that has yet to be determined. There is value in the fact that a deeper reality exists. That life does not just run blindly through time, but streams around reason and thought. Knowledge should alone be enough of a value for philosophy to be an appreciated source of gaining exactly that end. Thomas Nagel writes, â€Å"†¦humans have the special capacity to step back and survey themselves, and the lives to which they are committed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 23). This realization is one of the reasons that philosophy contains value for the society at large. Everyone, through examining and doubting their choices, can gain knowledge. And knowledge is the primary aim of philosophy, according to Russell and my own opinion. Socrates summarizes it best in Plato’s, Apology: Defense of Socrates, when he stated, â€Å"†¦an unexamined life is no life for a human being to live†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 40). Humans were given the capacity to have thought processes and go beyond the routine existence of lower level life forms. To let this possession go unused would be neglecting the possibilities of the mind. However, the value of philosophy for society at large is limited by self-assertion. The masses will find themselves looking for knowledge but being blocked by the view that the world is of less worth than themselves, or the Self. This will be the downfall of the instinctive man; he is contained in his private interests. It is almost like a trap, man fills his life with family and friends and believes that he has found his place in life. A true student of philosophy will have a want of knowledge that is free and pure. This want contains no concerns of Self, but rather of the not-Self. Knowledge arrives when man lets go of trying to fit the universe into his world and instead fits his world into the universe. In order to be a philosopher, one must overcome the narrow circle of the Self and of private interests. Therefore the largest value of philosophy is for the philosopher, for he is able to completely be open to the acquisition of knowledge. Most of the value of philosophy is then sent indirectly to the larger society. The fact that philosophy, as a subject, is prone to uncertainty can arouse disbelief in its value. It can be argued that no knowledge can possibly be gained by studying a field in which there are no definite answers. Russell agrees with this point when he maintains that even if answers are determined, none of them can be proven true without exception. The subjective areas of thought, those dealing with opinions and differences in beliefs and practices, would hold no basis in practicality. â€Å"Practical man† will continue to waste away in his secluded reality, convinced that being materialistic is the most important quality to possess. Russell himself mentions, â€Å"†¦many men, under the influence of science or practical affairs, are inclined to doubt whether philosophy is nything better than innocent but useless trifling, †¦and controversies on matters concerning which knowledge is impossible† (page 9). However, Russell contradicts his own statements on purpose with the idea that people have the wrong view of philosophy. The uncertainty in philosophy is what makes the subject intriguing and worth arguing for or against. So what if there are no definite answers? The process of coming to the conclusion that nothing is set in stone is where the knowledge lies in wait to be learned. The questions of life make for intellectual freedom in the search for the unfound answers. Philosophic contemplation best works when the desire for knowledge is unadulterated. This would then deal mainly with the area of the not-Self; it must be in union with the Self to create the right environment for the intellect. Russell helps to confirm my statement that knowledge is the value of philosophy when he writes, â€Å"†¦free intellect will see†¦without traditional prejudices†¦in the sole and exclusive desire of knowledge-knowledge as impersonal, as purely contemplative, as it is possible for man to attain† (page 11). J. J. C. Smart believes that we should never assume that we have found the ultimate and final truth about anything. But that having a condensed view will bring us closer than not pondering it at all. Then, any attempt to push beyond that line between things and thought will create a positive end. Knowledge, the total range of what has been perceived and learned, is the absolute value of philosophy in my opinion. Philosophers, as well as man, can only benefit from the scrutiny placed on thought. Without the knowledge that philosophy can provide, the world would be a very simple place based exclusively on materialistic views. The old saying that ignorance is bliss would unmistakably be true. Man would continue in his everyday life, unaware of the chance that he is missing. Think about what a waste such a world would be, when the possibility for undiminished intelligence and open mentality is right beyond the baggage that man carries around with him. Philosophy’s value in knowledge is that it makes man’s life worth not just surviving but truly living.

Economy of the Philippines Essay

The Economy of the Philippines is the 43rd largest in the world, according to 2011 World Bank statistics and it is also one of the emerging markets in the world.[24] According to the CIA Factbook, the estimated 2011 GDP (purchasing power parity) was 391.1 billion.[5] Goldman Sachs estimates that by the year 2050, it will be the 14th largest economy in the world, Goldman Sachs also included the Philippines in its list of the Next Eleven economies. HSBC projects the Philippine economy to become the 16th largest economy in the world, 5th largest economy in Asia and the largest economy in the South East Asian region by 2050.[25] Primary exports include semiconductors and electronic products, transport equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, and fruits. Major trading partners include the United States, Japan, China, Singapore, South Korea, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Germany, Taiwan, and Thailand. As a newly industrialized country, the Philippine economy has been transitioning from one based on agriculture to one based more on services and manufacturing. The Philippines is one of the Tiger Cub Economies in Southeast Asia together with Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Contents| Macroeconomic trends See also: Economy of Asia, Economic history of the Philippines (1973–1986), Post-EDSA macroeconomic history of the Philippines, and Economic Crisis and Response in the Philippines The Philippine economy has been growing steadily over decades and the International Monetary Fund in 2011 reported it as the 45th largest economy in the world. However its growth has been behind that of many of its Asian neighbors, the so-called Asian Tigers, nor is it a part of the Group of 20 nations. Instead it is often grouped in a second tier of emerging markets or of newly industrialized countries. Depending upon the analyst, this second tier can go by the name the Next Eleven or the Tiger Cub Economies. It has not suffered from the downturn in the world economy that began in 2007. A chart of selected statistics showing trends in the gross domestic product of the Philippines using data taken from the International Monetary Fund. Composition by sector As a newly industrialized country, the Philippines is still an economy with a large agricultural sector; however, services have come to dominate the economy.[citation needed] Much of the industrial sector is based on processing and assembly operations in the manufacturing of electronics and other high-tech components, usually from foreign multinational corporations. Filipinos who go aboard to work–-known as Overseas Filipino Workers or OFWs—are a significant contributor to the economy but are not reflected in the below sectoral discussion of the domestic economy. [edit] Agriculture The agriculture sector makes up 12% of the GDP and employs 33% of the workforce. The type of activity ranges from small subsistence farming and fishing to large commercial ventures with significant export focus, such as major multinational corporations like Dole Food Company and Del Monte Foods. The Philippines is the world’s largest producer of coconuts producing 19,500,000 tonnes in 2009. Coconut production in the Philippines is generally concentrated in medium-sized farms.[30] By 1995, the production of coconut in the Philippines had experienced a 6.5% annual growth and later surpassed Indonesia in total output in the world.[31] The Philippines is also the world’s largest producer of pineapples, with 2,198 thousand metric tons.[32] Rice Production in the Philippines is important to the food supply in the country and economy. The country is the 8th largest rice producer in the world, accounting for 2.8% of global rice production.[33] However, the country is also the w orld’s largest rice importer in 2010.[34] Rice is the most important food crop, a staple food in most of the country. It is produced extensively in Luzon, the Western Visayas, Southern Mindanao, and Central Mindanao. Shipbuilding and repair The Philippines is a major player in the global shipbuilding industry with shipyards in Subic, Cebu, General Santos City and Batangas.[35][36] It became the fourth largest shipbuilding nation in 2010.[37][38] Subic-made cargo vessels are now exported to countries where shipping operators are based. South Korea’s Hanjin started production in Subic in 2007 of the 20 ships ordered by German and Greek shipping operators.[39] The country’s shipyards are now building ships like bulk carriers, container ships and big passenger ferries. General Santos’ shipyard is mainly for ship repair and maintenance.[40] Being surrounded by waters, the country has abundant natural deep-sea ports ideal for development as production, construction and repair sites. On top of the current operating shipyards, two additional shipyards in Misamis Oriental and Cagayan province are being expanded to support future locators. It has a vast manpower pool of 60,000 certified welders that comprise the bulk of workers in shipbuilding. In the ship repair sector, the Navotas complex in Metro Manila is expected to accommodate 96 vessels for repair.[41] Â  Automotive The ABS used in Mercedes-Benz, BMW, and Volvo cars are made in the Philippines. Ford,[42] Toyota,[43] Mitsubishi, Nissan and Honda are the most prominent automakers manufacturing cars in the country.[citation needed] Kia and Suzuki produce small cars in the country. Isuzu also produces SUVs in the country. Honda and Suzuki produce motorcycles in the country. A 2003 Canadian market research report predicted that further investments in this sector were expected to grow in the following years. Toyota sells the most vehicles in the country.[44] By 2011, China’s Chery Automobile company is going to build their assembly plant in Laguna, that will serve and export cars to other countries in the region if monthly sales would reach 1,000 units.[45] Â  Aerospace Aerospace products in the Philippines are mainly for the export market and include manufacturing parts for aircraft built by both Boeing and Airbus. British company MOOG, is the biggest aerospace manufacturer with base in Baguio in the Cordillera region. The company produces aircraft actuators in their manufacturing facility. Another British company British Aerospace is to open manufacturing facility in southern Philippines for the manufacture of galleys used in aircraft cabin.[46] In 2011, the total export output of aerospace products in the Philippines reached US $3 billion.[47] Electronics Intel has been in the Philippines for 28 years as a major producer of products, including the Pentium 4 processor. A Texas Instruments plant in Baguio has been operating for 20 years and is the largest producer of DSP chips in the world.[48] Texas Instruments’ Baguio plant produces all the chips used in Nokia cell phones and 80% of chips used in Ericsson cell phones in the world.[49] Until 2005, Toshiba laptops were produced in Santa Rosa, Laguna. Presently the Philippine plant’s focus is in the production of hard disk drives. Printer manufacturer Lexmark has a factory in Mactan in the Cebu region. Â  Mining and extraction The country is rich with mineral and geothermal energy resources. In 2003, it produced 1931 MW of electricity from geothermal sources (27% of total electricity production), second only to the United States,[50] and a recent discovery of natural gas reserves in the Malampaya oil fields off the island of Palawan is already being used to generate electricity in three gas-powered plants. Philippine gold, nickel, copper and chromite deposits are among the largest in the world. Other important minerals include silver, coal, gypsum, and sulphur. Significant deposits of clay, limestone, marble, silica, and phosphate exist. About 60% of total mining production are accounted for by non-metallic minerals, which contributed substantially to the industry’s steady output growth between 1993 and 1998, with the value of production growing 58%. In 1999, however, mineral production declined 16% to $793 million.[citation needed] Mineral exports have generally slowed since 1996. Led by copper cathodes, Philippine mineral exports amounted to $650 million in 2000, barely up from 1999 levels. Low metal prices, high production costs, lack of investment in infrastructure, and a challenge to the new mining law have contributed to the mining industry’s overall decline.[citation needed] The industry rebounded starting in late 2004 when the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of an important law permitting foreign ownership of Philippines mining companies.[citation needed] However, the DENR has yet to approve the revised Department Administrative Order (DAO) that will provide the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Financial and Technical Assistance Agreement (FTAA), the specific part of the 1994 Mining Act that allows 100% foreign ownership of Philippines mines.[citation needed] Offshoring and outsourcing According to an IBM Global Location Trends Annual Report, as of December 2010[update] the Philippines has surpassed India as the world leader in business process outsourcing.[51][52] The majority of the top ten BPO firms of the United States operate in the Philippines.[citation needed] Total jobs in the industry grew to 100,000 and total revenues were placed at $960 million for 2005. In 2012, BPO sector employment ballooned to over 700,000 people and is contributing to a growing middle class. BPO facilities are located mainly in Metro Manila and Cebu City although other regional areas such as Baguio, Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro, Clark Freeport Zone, Dagupan, Davao City, Legazpi, Dumaguete, Lipa, Iloilo City, and CamSur are now being promoted and developed for BPO operations. Call centers began in the Philippines as plain providers of email response and managing services and is now a major source of employment. Call center services include customer relations, ranging from travel services, technical support, education, customer care, financial services, online business to customer support, and online business to business support. Business process outsourcing (BPO) is regarded as one of the fastest growing industries in the world. The Philippines is also considered as location of choice due to its less expensive operational and labor costs and high proficiency in spoken English and highly educated labor pool. In 2011, the business process outsourcing industry in the Philippines generated 700 thousand jobs[53] and some US$11 billion in revenue,[54] 24 percent higher than 2010. By 2016, the industry is projected to reach US$27.4 billion in revenue with employment generation to almost double at 1.3 million workers.[55]

Biography of T. S. Eliot

Elliot is a man known for his devotion to literature, a poet who decides to overcome all obstacles and to occupy a higher position in the world of literature. Eliot's poetry addressed his more uneasy life experience, not for cowards, but depression, illness, a complex society of the First World War. These trials and hardships collapsed Elliott, which was driven by his wife, Vivian's illness, and began publishing at night. As Eikin said, Eliot is notorious for leaving his reader in a notorious way (T.S. In a wonderful biography of Peter Ackroyd, this is one of the pleasant episodes. T. S. Elliott was really striving hard and he succeeded. In the publication of The Waste Land, Eliot broke the pattern of poetry and broke the pattern in the novel like Joyce's Ulysses (the same year that was published in 1922). There is Thomas Sterns Elliot before and after the history of poetry. Who is he, did this person create a new literary movement, in fact the language of the new poetry, the ability to open our consciousness with the sharpness of diamonds (AndersÃâ€"sterling, 1948 Swedish Academy permanent secretary). Ted Hughes said what he likes is There is a straight line that goes from Virgil to Dante, from Dante to Milton, from Milton to Elliot, and there are over 300 years of a great poet. Hamlet and his problem is one of T. S. Eliot's most important and influential papers. It was first published in 1919. In Hamlet and his problem, Elliott boldly declared that Shakespeare play Hamlet was an artistic failure, not a victory. why? Elliott is provocative about this statement, but he provides several reasons for this position. In this article we will analyze Eliot articles that can be read here. Overall, Elliott's claim in Hamlet and his problem is that the theater of Shakespeare is failure, but the drama is very familiar as a work of art everywhere. It is not more than that defect. This bold revisionist's claim is based on several aspects, in particular the fact that Shakes peare inherited Hamlet's original script from other writers (probably Thomas Kid who wrote the Spanish tragedy). In his book Defense T. Eliot (2001) and T. S. Eliot (2006), Craygrain is trying to defend Eliot from anti-Semitism accusations. Looking back on the book in 2006, Paul Dean said he does not believe Rennes' assertions. Still he said, In the final analysis, it is argued that Eliot might have been compromised as a person, just like Rennes in justice.In another comment published by Rain in 2006, Literature Critic Terry Eagleton also questioned Ryan's Elliott's defense against the character deficits as well as Ryan's books: Critics why they wrote like affectionate parents Do not you listen to the criticisms of children you dislike, thinking that you need to protect the writers, Elliott's reputation has no profit as much as the established archangel Gabriel? Biography of T. S. Eliot Elliot is a man known for his devotion to literature, a poet who decides to overcome all obstacles and to occupy a higher position in the world of literature. Eliot's poetry addressed his more uneasy life experience, not for cowards, but depression, illness, a complex society of the First World War. These trials and hardships collapsed Elliott, which was driven by his wife, Vivian's illness, and began publishing at night. As Eikin said, Eliot is notorious for leaving his reader in a notorious way (T.S. In a wonderful biography of Peter Ackroyd, this is one of the pleasant episodes. T. S. Elliott was really striving hard and he succeeded. In the publication of The Waste Land, Eliot broke the pattern of poetry and broke the pattern in the novel like Joyce's Ulysses (the same year that was published in 1922). There is Thomas Sterns Elliot before and after the history of poetry. Who is he, did this person create a new literary movement, in fact the language of the new poetry, the ability to open our consciousness with the sharpness of diamonds (AndersÃâ€"sterling, 1948 Swedish Academy permanent secretary). Ted Hughes said what he likes is There is a straight line that goes from Virgil to Dante, from Dante to Milton, from Milton to Elliot, and there are over 300 years of a great poet. Hamlet and his problem is one of T. S. Eliot's most important and influential papers. It was first published in 1919. In Hamlet and his problem, Elliott boldly declared that Shakespeare play Hamlet was an artistic failure, not a victory. why? Elliott is provocative about this statement, but he provides several reasons for this position. In this article we will analyze Eliot articles that can be read here. Overall, Elliott's claim in Hamlet and his problem is that the theater of Shakespeare is failure, but the drama is very familiar as a work of art everywhere. It is not more than that defect. This bold revisionist's claim is based on several aspects, in particular the fact that Shakes peare inherited Hamlet's original script from other writers (probably Thomas Kid who wrote the Spanish tragedy). In his book Defense T. Eliot (2001) and T. S. Eliot (2006), Craygrain is trying to defend Eliot from anti-Semitism accusations. Looking back on the book in 2006, Paul Dean said he does not believe Rennes' assertions. Still he said, In the final analysis, it is argued that Eliot might have been compromised as a person, just like Rennes in justice.In another comment published by Rain in 2006, Literature Critic Terry Eagleton also questioned Ryan's Elliott's defense against the character deficits as well as Ryan's books: Critics why they wrote like affectionate parents Do not you listen to the criticisms of children you dislike, thinking that you need to protect the writers, Elliott's reputation has no profit as much as the established archangel Gabriel?